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Conflict, Conquest, and Conversion

Posted on 2014-07-09 by Eleanor H. Tejirian,Reeva Spector Simon

Two Thousand Years of Christian Missions in the Middle East

Author: Eleanor H. Tejirian,Reeva Spector Simon

Publisher: Columbia University Press

ISBN: 0231138652

Category: History

Page: 296

Conflict, Conquest, and Conversion surveys two thousand years of the Christian missionary enterprise in the Middle East within the context of the region's political evolution. Its broad, rich narrative follows Christian missions as they interacted with imperial powers and as the momentum of religious change shifted from Christianity to Islam and back, adding new dimensions to the history of the region and the nature of the relationship between the Middle East and the West. Historians and political scientists increasingly recognize the importance of integrating religion into political analysis, and this volume, using long-neglected sources, uniquely advances this effort. It surveys Christian missions from the earliest days of Christianity to the present, paying particular attention to the role of Christian missions, both Protestant and Catholic, in shaping the political and economic imperialism of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Eleanor H. Tejirian and Reeva Spector Simon delineate the ongoing tensions between conversion and the focus on witness and "good works" within the missionary movement, which contributed to the development and spread of nongovernmental organizations. Through its conscientious, systematic study, this volume offers an unparalleled encounter with the social, political, and economic consequences of such trends.

Altruism and imperialism

Posted on 2002-12 by Columbia University. Middle East Institute

Western cultural and religious missions in the Middle East

Author: Columbia University. Middle East Institute

Publisher: Columiba Univ Middle East institute

ISBN: 9780972123136

Category: Religion

Page: 316

Conquest by Law

Posted on 2005-08-25 by Lindsay G. Robertson

How the Discovery of America Dispossessed Indigenous Peoples of Their Lands

Author: Lindsay G. Robertson

Publisher: Oxford University Press

ISBN: 0199881995

Category: History

Page: 272

In 1823, Chief Justice John Marshall handed down a Supreme Court decision of monumental importance in defining the rights of indigenous peoples throughout the English-speaking world. At the heart of the decision for Johnson v. M'Intosh was a "discovery doctrine" that gave rights of ownership to the European sovereigns who "discovered" the land and converted the indigenous owners into tenants. Though its meaning and intention has been fiercely disputed, more than 175 years later, this doctrine remains the law of the land. In 1991, while investigating the discovery doctrine's historical origins Lindsay Robertson made a startling find; in the basement of a Pennsylvania furniture-maker, he discovered a trunk with the complete corporate records of the Illinois and Wabash Land Companies, the plaintiffs in Johnson v. M'Intosh. Conquest by Law provides, for the first time, the complete and troubling account of the European "discovery" of the Americas. This is a gripping tale of political collusion, detailing how a spurious claim gave rise to a doctrine--intended to be of limited application--which itself gave rise to a massive displacement of persons and the creation of a law that governs indigenous people and their lands to this day.

Honored by the Glory of Islam

Posted on 2008-01-02 by Marc David Baer

Author: Marc David Baer

Publisher: Oxford University Press

ISBN: 9780199887170

Category: Religion

Page: 344

In Honored by the Glory of Islam Marc David Baer proposes a novel approach to the historical record of Islamic conversions during the Ottoman age and gathers fresh insights concerning the nature of religious conversion itself. Rather than explaining Ottoman Islamization in terms of the converts' motives, Baer instead concentrates on the proselytizers -- in this case, none other than the sultan himself. Mehmed IV (1648-87) is remembered as an aloof ruler whose ineffectual governing led to the disastrous siege of Vienna. Through an integrated reading of previously unexamined Ottoman archival and literary texts, Baer reexamines Mehmed IV's failings as a ruler by underscoring the sultan's zeal for bringing converts to Islam. As an expression of his dedication to Islam, Mehmed actively sought to establish his reputation as a convert-maker, convincing or compelling Christian and Jewish subjects to be "honored by the glory of Islam" and Muslims subjects to turn to Islamic piety. Revising the conventional portrayal of a ruler so distracted by his passion for hunting that he neglected affairs of state, Baer shows that Mehmed IV saw conversion as central to his role as sultan. He traces an ever-widening range of enforced piety, conversion, and conquest expanding outward from the heart of Mehmed IV's empire. This account is the first to correlate the conversion of people and space in the mature Ottoman Empire, to investigate conversion from the perspective of changing Ottoman ideology, and to depict the sultan as an interventionist convert-maker. The resulting insights promise to rework our understandings of the reign of a forgotten ruler, a largely neglected period in Ottoman history, the changing nature of Islam and its history in Europe, relations between Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Europe, the practice of jihad, and religious architecture in urban history.

Conflict and Conversion

Posted on 2013-10 by Tara Alberts

Catholicism in Southeast Asia, 1500-1700

Author: Tara Alberts

Publisher: Oxford University Press

ISBN: 0199646260

Category: History

Page: 242

Conflict and Conversion explores how Catholic missionaries, merchants, and adventurers brought their faith to the strategically and commercially crucial region of Southeast Asia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This region conjured visions of the exotic in the minds of early modern Europeans, and became an important testing ground for ideas about the nature of conversion and the relationship between religious belief and practice. Some Southeast Asians adopted Christianity - and even died for their new faith - while others resisted all incentives, menaces, and cajolement to reject their original spiritual beliefs and practices. In this volume, Tara Alberts explores how Catholicism itself was converted in this encounter, as Southeast Asian neophytes adapted the faith to their own needs. Conflict and Conversion makes the first detailed exploration of Catholic missions to the diverse kingdoms of Southeast Asia and provides a new connective history of the spread of global Christianity to this crossroads of the world. This volume focuses on three areas which represent the main cultural and religious divisions of the broader region of Southeast Asia: modern-day Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia. In each of these areas, missionaries had to engage with a variety of political and economic systems, social norms, and religious beliefs and practices. They were obliged to consider what adaptations could be made to Catholic ritual and devotions in order to satisfy local needs, and how best to counter local customs deemed inimical to the faith, which obliged them to engage with fundamental questions about what it meant to be Christian. Alberts seeks to uncover the conflicts over these issues, and the development of the concept of conversion in the early modern period.

Revival and Awakening

Posted on 2015-03-09 by Adam H. Becker

American Evangelical Missionaries in Iran and the Origins of Assyrian Nationalism

Author: Adam H. Becker

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

ISBN: 022614531X

Category: History

Page: 432

This volume examines how the presence of an American evangelical mission in the borderlands between Qajar Iran and the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century contributed to the development of a secular nationalism among the indigenous Neo-Aramaic speaking Christian population of the region. A particular evangelical configuration of modernity was cultivated at the mission in the antebellum period, one belonging to a visceral realm often unrecognised in characterisations of secularism and the Enlightenment.

Ambivalent Conquests

Posted on 2003-04-28 by Inga Clendinnen

Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517-1570

Author: Inga Clendinnen

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

ISBN: 9780521527316

Category: History

Page: 245

A study of Mayan conversion in sixteenth-century Yucatan.

The Mongols and the Islamic World

Posted on 2017 by Peter Jackson

From Conquest to Conversion

Author: Peter Jackson

Publisher: Yale University Press

ISBN: 030012533X

Category: HISTORY

Page: 640

An epic historical consideration of the Mongol conquest of Western Asia and the spread of Islam during the years of non-Muslim rule The Mongol conquest of the Islamic world began in the early thirteenth century when Genghis Khan and his warriors overran Central Asia and devastated much of Iran. Distinguished historian Peter Jackson offers a fresh and fascinating consideration of the years of infidel Mongol rule in Western Asia, drawing from an impressive array of primary sources as well as modern studies to demonstrate how Islam not only survived the savagery of the conquest, but spread throughout the empire. This unmatched study goes beyond the well-documented Mongol campaigns of massacre and devastation to explore different aspects of an immense imperial event that encompassed what is now Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Afghanistan, as well as Central Asia and parts of eastern Europe. It examines in depth the cultural consequences for the incorporated Islamic lands, the Muslim experience of Mongol sovereignty, and the conquerors' eventual conversion to Islam.

Sword and Scimitar

Posted on 2018-08-28 by Raymond Ibrahim

Fourteen Centuries of War between Islam and the West

Author: Raymond Ibrahim

Publisher: Da Capo Press

ISBN: 0306825562

Category: History

Page: 352

A sweeping history of the often-violent conflict between Islam and the West, shedding a revealing light on current hostilities The West and Islam--the sword and scimitar--have clashed since the mid-seventh century, when, according to Muslim tradition, the Roman emperor rejected Prophet Muhammad's order to abandon Christianity and convert to Islam, unleashing a centuries-long jihad on Christendom. Sword and Scimitar chronicles the decisive battles that arose from this ages-old Islamic jihad, beginning with the first major Islamic attack on Christian land in 636, through the Muslim occupation of nearly three-quarters of Christendom which prompted the Crusades, followed by renewed Muslim conquests by Turks and Tatars, to the European colonization of the Muslim world in the 1800s, when Islam largely went on the retreat--until its reemergence in recent times. Using original sources in Arabic and Greek, preeminent historian Raymond Ibrahim describes each battle in vivid detail and explains how these wars and the larger historical currents of the age reflect the cultural fault lines between Islam and the West. The majority of these landmark battles--including the battles of Yarmuk, Tours, Manzikert, the sieges at Constantinople and Vienna, and the crusades in Syria and Spain--are now forgotten or considered inconsequential. Yet today, as the West faces a resurgence of this enduring Islamic jihad, Sword and Scimitar provides the needed historical context to understand the current relationship between the West and the Islamic world--and why the Islamic State is merely the latest chapter of an old history.

Conflict and Conversion in Sixteenth Century Central Mexico

Posted on 2013-04-25 by Robert H. Jackson

The Augustinian War on and Beyond the Chichimeca Frontier

Author: Robert H. Jackson

Publisher: BRILL

ISBN: 9004251219

Category: History

Page: 284

Concerns over native resistance to evangelization on and beyond the Chichimeca frontier (the frontier between sedentary and nomadic natives) prompted the Augustinian missionaries to use graphic visual images of hell to convince natives to embrace the new faith. The Augustinians believed that they were in a war against Satan.

Medieval Spain

Posted on 2002-07-30 by R. Collins,A. Goodman

Culture, Conflict and Coexistence

Author: R. Collins,A. Goodman

Publisher: Springer

ISBN: 1403919771

Category: History

Page: 265

This volume of essays contains contributions from a very wide range of British, American and Spanish scholars. Its primary concern is the relationships between the various ethnic, cultural, regional and religious communities that co-existed in the Iberian peninsula in the later Middle Ages. Conflicts and mutual interactions between them are here explored in a range of both historical and literary studies, to expose something of the rich diversity of the cultural life of later medieval Spain.

Dogs of God

Posted on 2006 by James Reston

Columbus, the Inquisition, and the Defeat of the Moors

Author: James Reston

Publisher: Anchor

ISBN: 1400031915

Category: History

Page: 363

A compelling historical analysis of the pivotal events of the year 1492 focuses on the role of the Spanish Inquisition in strengthening the power of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, the campaign against Moorish occupation, the expulsion of the Spanish Jews, and the beginning of the Spanish conquest of the New World. Reprint. 25,000 first printing.

The Canarian, or, book of the conquest and conversion of the Canarians in the year 1402

Posted on 1872 by Jean de Béthencourt

Author: Jean de Béthencourt

Publisher: N.A

ISBN: N.A

Category:

Page: 229

A History of Islamic Societies

Posted on 2014-10-13 by Ira M. Lapidus

Author: Ira M. Lapidus

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

ISBN: 0521514304

Category: History

Page: 1020

An accessible worldwide history of Muslim societies provides updated coverage of each country and region, in a volume that discusses their origins and evolution while offering insight into historical processes that shaped contemporary Islam and surveying its growing influence. Simultaneous. (Social Science)

The Canarian, Or Book of the Conquest and Conversion of the Canarians in the Year 1402

Posted on 1872 by Pierre Bontier,Jean de Béthencourt

Author: Pierre Bontier,Jean de Béthencourt

Publisher: N.A

ISBN: N.A

Category: Canary Islands

Page: 229

Recruitment, Conquest, and Conflict

Posted on 1998 by Peder Borgen,Vernon Kay Robbins,David B. Gowler

Strategies in Judaism, Early Christianity, and the Greco-Roman World

Author: Peder Borgen,Vernon Kay Robbins,David B. Gowler

Publisher: Trinity Press International

ISBN: 9780788505263

Category: Religion

Page: 356

Explores questions regarding strategies of recruitment, issues of identification, and modes of conflict between various kinds of Jews and Christians in the New Testament.

The Spiritual Conflict and Conquest

Posted on 1874 by Juan de Castañiza

Author: Juan de Castañiza

Publisher: N.A

ISBN: N.A

Category: Christian life

Page: 510

Repr. The spiritual conflict and conquest, by J. Castaniza. Ed. by canon [J.] Vaughan

Posted on 1874 by Joseph Jerome Vaughan

Author: Joseph Jerome Vaughan

Publisher: N.A

ISBN: N.A

Category:

Page: N.A

Columbus and the Quest for Jerusalem

Posted on 2012-07-17 by Carol Delaney

How Religion Drove the Voyages that Led to America

Author: Carol Delaney

Publisher: Simon and Schuster

ISBN: 1439102376

Category: Biography & Autobiography

Page: 336

An assessment of the character and motivations of Christopher Columbus reveals the passionate religious beliefs that motivated his famous voyages, and claims how he sought gold to finance a new crusade to restore Jerusalem to Christian control.

God's Crucible: Islam and the Making of Europe, 570-1215

Posted on 2009-01-12 by David Levering Lewis

Author: David Levering Lewis

Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company

ISBN: 9780393067903

Category: History

Page: 384

From the two-time Pulitzer Prize–winning author, God’s Crucible brings to life “a furiously complex age” (New York Times Book Review). Resonating as profoundly today as when it was first published to widespread critical acclaim a decade ago, God’s Crucible is a bold portrait of Islamic Spain and the birth of modern Europe from one of our greatest historians. David Levering Lewis’s narrative, filled with accounts of some of the most epic battles in world history, reveals how cosmopolitan, Muslim al-Andalus flourished—a beacon of cooperation and tolerance—while proto-Europe floundered in opposition to Islam, making virtues out of hereditary aristocracy, religious intolerance, perpetual war, and slavery. This masterful history begins with the fall of the Persian and Roman empires, followed by the rise of the prophet Muhammad and five centuries of engagement between the Muslim imperium and an emerging Europe. Essential and urgent, God’s Crucible underscores the importance of these early, world-altering events whose influence remains as current as today’s headlines.